1.TITLE PAGE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their warm grtitude to the following persons who extende their helping hands and encouragement in making this study a reality.
Mr. Neil Improgo, English Teacher, for his valuable and expert advise, knowledge and excellent ideas, thus supporting, advising, supervising and guiding the researches with utmost patience that inspire to complete the study;
Dr. Erlinda C. Chico, Secondary School Principal II of Manolo Fortich National High School, for her understanding and cooperation in allowing the researchers to use the Computer Laboratory for their research work;
Miss Methuselah K. Arenas, for her moral support;
To the parents of the researchers, for giving not just encouragement but also provide financial, physical, and mental supports;
And above all to God Almighty, for showering the researchers with lots of blessings everyday which give enlightenment, wisdom and courage so that the researchers will be able to finish the study.
3.DEDICATION
DEDICATION
To
our beloved parents,
relatives, friends,
classmates, our teachers,
our special someones and
most especially to
the school
This work is dedicated.
4. Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DEDICATION... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS... iv
Outline 1
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
WORKS CITED 20
APPENDICES
-Pictures 21
-Video 22
-Concept Map
OUTLINE
Spinocelebellar Ataxia or
II.Spinocerebellar degeneration or ataxia is a disease in the nervous system.
A.It often occurs when parts of the nervous system that control movement are damaged.
III.This disease has many different causes.
A.Most of its causes are hereditary.
1.Autosomal dominant, in which the affected person inherits a normal gene from one parent and a faulty one from the other parent.
2.Autosomal recessive, in which both parent pass on a copy of the faulty gene.
3. It can also be caused by having an extra copies of a normal protein, not just a mutated one.
B.Still, it can be acquired.
1.CSpinocerebellar degeneration is the diagnose illness of Aya Ikeuchi, a 15-year old japanese girl. This illness was introduced to the public through the film ONE LITRE OF TEARS.A.It often occurs when parts of the nervous system that control movement are damaged.A.Most of its causes are hereditary.
1.Autosomal dominant, in which the affected person inherits a normal gene from one parent and a faulty one from the other parent.
2.Autosomal recessive, iA.Most of its causes are hereditary.
1.Autosomal dominant, in which the affected person inherits a normal gene from one parent and a faulty one from the other parent.
2.Autosomal recessive, in which both parent pass on a copy of the faulty gene.
3. It can also be caused by having an extra copies of a normal protein, not just a mutated one.
B.Still, it can be acquired.onditions that can cause acquired ataxia include stroke, multiple sclerosis, tumors,alcoholism, metabolic disorders, and vitamin deficiencies.
IV.There are many types of ataxia.
A.Autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration includes spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1,2,3 and 6.
1.SCA type 1 is characterized by either hypermetric or slow saccades.
2.SCA type 2 diminish velocity saccades areflexia.
3.SCA type 3 or the Machado-Joseph disease involves a rapid, involuntary, oscillatory motion of the eyeball and occasionally slow saccades.
4.SCA type 6 is shown by downbeating nystagmus,and positional vertigo.
B.Ataxias caused by other factors.
1.SCA 4, which usually results to the absence of neurologic reflexes.
2.SCA 5 has an average duration of 25 years.
3.SCA 7 is characterized by macular degeneration,and slow saccades.
4.SCA 8 is often shown by horizontal nystagmus.
V.Symptoms of ataxia are usually common among its categories or types.
A.Common symptoms observed in a person with ataxia are slow saccades, nystagmus and paralysis.
VI.Treatments are already catered to persons who have the spinocerebellar disease.
A.If the ataxia is caused by another condition, that underlying condition is treated first.
1.Ataxia caused by a metabolic disorder may be treated with medications and a controlled diet.
2.Vitamin deficiency is treated with vitamin therapy.
3.But some acquired ataxia are incurable.
3.1Those that are acquired through alcoholism for years..
B.However,there's no known cure for the hereditary ataxia.
VII.Our conclusion.
Spinocerebellar degeneration, a rare disease,yet it was able to be introduced to the public by the film about a true-to-life story of a 15-year old girl.It's incurable in some cases.That's why we must be very careful because it could also be acquired through alcoholism,which is undeniable in our country.
INTRODUCTION
Spinocerebellar degeneration or ataxia.A very rare disease yet it was able to be introduced to the public by the television drama "One Litre of Tears" based on the life of a 15-year old Japanese girl named Aya Ikeuchi.
The hereditary ataxias are categorized by mode of inheritance and causative gene or chromosomal locus. The hereditary ataxias can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner.
The hereditary ataxia is grouped into two.First, the autosomal dominant, in which the affected person inherits a normal gene from one parent and a faulty one from the other parent.Second, the autosomal recessive, in which both parents pass on a copy of the faulty gene.There are five typical autosomal recessive disorders in which ataxia is a prominent feature: Friedreich ataxia, ataxia-telangiectasia, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA), spastic ataxia. Disorder Subdivisions: Friedreich's ataxia, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Vasomotor ataxia, Vestibulocerebellar, Ataxiadynamia, Ataxiophemia, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
In the case of the acquired ataxia, conditions that can cause it include stroke, multiple sclerosis, tumors,alcoholism,smoking, metabolic disorders, and vitamin deficiencies.
And under these two categories of the ataxia are numbers of varying types of this disease which are known to affect different regions within the cerebellum.It's symptoms vary with the specific type and with the individual patient. Generally, a person with ataxia retains full mental capacity but may progressively lose physical control.
Until now, there is no known cure for spinocerebellar ataxia, which is a progressive disease-it gets worse with time- although not all types cause equally severe disability.
Treatments are generally limited to softening symptoms, not the disease itself. The condition can be irreversible. A person with this disease will usually end up needing to use a wheelchair, and eventually they may need assistance to perform daily tasks.
The treatment of incoordination or ataxia, then mostly involves the use of adaptive devices to allow the ataxic individual to maintain as much independence as possible. Such devices may include a cane, crutches, walker, or wheelchair for those with impaired gait; devices to assist with writing, feeding, and self care if hand and arm coordination are impaired; and communication devices for those with impaired speech.
Many patients with hereditary or idiopathic forms of ataxia have other symptoms in addition to ataxia. Medications or other therapies might be appropriate for some of these symptoms, which could include tremor, stiffness, depression, spasticity, and sleep disorders, among others.
Both onset of initial symptoms and duration of disease can be subject to variation. If the disease is caused by a polyglutamine trinucleotide repeat CAG expansion, a longer expansion may lead to an earlier onset and a more radical progression of clinical symptoms.
CONCLUSION
WORKS CITED
Dr. Arke, Is there a cure for spinocerebellar degeneration disease?,
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_there_a_cure_for_spinocerebellar_degeneration_disease
"The Nervous System", Genes and Diseases,National Library of Medicine, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=gnd.section.218
Ikeuchi Aya, film: "Ichi Rittoru no Namida / One Litre of Tears / A Diary of tears"
http://wiki.d-addicts.com/Ichi_Rittoru_no_Namida
Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_ataxia
PICTURE
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